Laravel 5 中基于 jQuery 实现分层级的类目树结构实例教程
今天，我要来分享下如何在Laravel 5中通过jQuery实现动态类目树结构：有些时候我们确实需要为类目及其子类目生成树结构以便于使用。
在本教程中，我只是简单在Laravel应用中创建一个“categories”表并通过一个嵌套的树结构来管理父类目和子类目。我使用jQuery来生成树视图布局，使用类目模型为层级数据设置关联关系，还为在类目树中创建新类目添加了表单。
在正式开始之前，先贴上最终效果图：
下面正式开始开发之路。
第一步：安装Laravel 5.3应用
如果你还没有安装Laravel 5.3的话，那么第一步肯定是安装它。我们使用Composer进行安装：
composer create-project --prefer-dist laravel/laravel blog
如果没有Homestead之类的开发环境的话，需要在.env文件中配置数据库连接信息。
第二步：创建类目表和模型
在这一步中我们使用Laravel提供的Artisan命令为类目表生成迁移文件：
php artisan make:migration create_category_table
运行完该命令之后你会发现在database/migrations目录下新生成了一个迁移文件，编辑该文件代码如下：
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Schema;
use Illuminate\Database\Schema\Blueprint;
use Illuminate\Database\Migrations\Migration;
class CreateCategoryTable extends Migration
{
/**
* Run the migrations.
*
* @return void
*/
public function up()
{
Schema::create('categories', function (Blueprint $table) {
$table->increments('id');
$table->string('title');
$table->integer('parent_id');
$table->timestamps();
});
}
/**
* Reverse the migrations.
*
* @return void
*/
public function down()
{
Schema::drop("categories");
}
}
然后我们运行如下命令生成该表：
php artisan migrate
创建完数据表之后还需要创建一个与该数据表相对应的模型类app/Category.php：
<?php
namespace App;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
class Category extends Model
{
public $fillable = ['title','parent_id'];
/**
* Get the index name for the model.
*
* @return string
*/
public function childs() {
return $this->hasMany('App\Category','parent_id','id') ;
}
}
第三步：创建路由
在这一步中我们需要创建两个路由，一个用于渲染类目树视图，一个用于添加新的类目。打开routes/web.php文件，添加如下两个路由：
Route::get('category-tree-view',['uses'=>'CategoryController@manageCategory']);
Route::post('add-category',['as'=>'add.category','uses'=>'CategoryController@addCategory']);
第四步：创建控制器
到了这里，我们需要创建路由中定义的控制器app/Http/Controllers/CategoryController.php，编写该文件代码如下：
<?php
namespace App\Http\Controllers;
use Illuminate\Http\Request;
use App\Http\Requests;
use App\Category;
class CategoryController extends Controller
{
/**
* Show the application dashboard.
*
* @return \Illuminate\Http\Response
*/
public function manageCategory()
{
$categories = Category::where('parent_id', '=', 0)->get();
$allCategories = Category::pluck('title','id')->all();
return view('categoryTreeview',compact('categories','allCategories'));
}
/**
* Show the application dashboard.
*
* @return \Illuminate\Http\Response
*/
public function addCategory(Request $request)
{
$this->validate($request, [
'title' => 'required',
]);
$input = $request->all();
$input['parent_id'] = empty($input['parent_id']) ? 0 : $input['parent_id'];
Category::create($input);
return back()->with('success', 'New Category added successfully.');
}
}
第五步：创建视图
在这一步中，我们来创建两个Blade视图文件。首先是resources/views/categoryTreeview.blade.php：
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Laravel Category Treeview Example</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/font-awesome/4.6.3/css/font-awesome.min.css" />
<link href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/jquery/3.1.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
<link href="/css/treeview.css" rel="stylesheet">
</head>
<body>
<div class="container">
<div class="panel panel-primary">
<div class="panel-heading">Manage Category TreeView</div>
<div class="panel-body">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-6">
<h3>Category List</h3>
<ul id="tree1">
@foreach($categories as $category)
<li>
{{ $category->title }}
@if(count($category->childs))
@include('manageChild',['childs' => $category->childs])
@endif
</li>
@endforeach
</ul>
</div>
<div class="col-md-6">
<h3>Add New Category</h3>
{!! Form::open(['route'=>'add.category']) !!}
@if ($message = Session::get('success'))
<div class="alert alert-success alert-block">
<button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="alert">×</button>
<strong>{{ $message }}</strong>
</div>
@endif
<div class="form-group {{ $errors->has('title') ? 'has-error' : '' }}">
{!! Form::label('Title:') !!}
{!! Form::text('title', old('title'), ['class'=>'form-control', 'placeholder'=>'Enter Title']) !!}
<span class="text-danger">{{ $errors->first('title') }}</span>
</div>
<div class="form-group {{ $errors->has('parent_id') ? 'has-error' : '' }}">
{!! Form::label('Category:') !!}
{!! Form::select('parent_id',$allCategories, old('parent_id'), ['class'=>'form-control', 'placeholder'=>'Select Category']) !!}
<span class="text-danger">{{ $errors->first('parent_id') }}</span>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<button class="btn btn-success">Add New</button>
</div>
{!! Form::close() !!}
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<script src="/js/treeview.js"></script>
</body>
</html>
然后是resources/views/manageChild.blade.php：
<ul>
@foreach($childs as $child)
<li>
{{ $child->title }}
@if(count($child->childs))
@include('manageChild',['childs' => $child->childs])
@endif
</li>
@endforeach
</ul>
第六步：添加CSS和JS文件
最后一步，我们来添加视图文件所需要的CSS和JS文件。
public/css/treeview.css：
.tree, .tree ul {
margin:0;
padding:0;
list-style:none
}
.tree ul {
margin-left:1em;
position:relative
}
.tree ul ul {
margin-left:.5em
}
.tree ul:before {
content:"";
display:block;
width:0;
position:absolute;
top:0;
bottom:0;
left:0;
border-left:1px solid
}
.tree li {
margin:0;
padding:0 1em;
line-height:2em;
color:#369;
font-weight:700;
position:relative
}
.tree ul li:before {
content:"";
display:block;
width:10px;
height:0;
border-top:1px solid;
margin-top:-1px;
position:absolute;
top:1em;
left:0
}
.tree ul li:last-child:before {
background:#fff;
height:auto;
top:1em;
bottom:0
}
.indicator {
margin-right:5px;
}
.tree li a {
text-decoration: none;
color:#369;
}
.tree li button, .tree li button:active, .tree li button:focus {
text-decoration: none;
color:#369;
border:none;
background:transparent;
margin:0px 0px 0px 0px;
padding:0px 0px 0px 0px;
outline: 0;
}
public/js/treeview.js：
$.fn.extend({
treed: function (o) {
var openedClass = 'glyphicon-minus-sign';
var closedClass = 'glyphicon-plus-sign';
if (typeof o != 'undefined'){
if (typeof o.openedClass != 'undefined'){
openedClass = o.openedClass;
}
if (typeof o.closedClass != 'undefined'){
closedClass = o.closedClass;
}
};
/* initialize each of the top levels */
var tree = $(this);
tree.addClass("tree");
tree.find('li').has("ul").each(function () {
var branch = $(this);
branch.prepend("");
branch.addClass('branch');
branch.on('click', function (e) {
if (this == e.target) {
var icon = $(this).children('i:first');
icon.toggleClass(openedClass + " " + closedClass);
$(this).children().children().toggle();
}
})
branch.children().children().toggle();
});
/* fire event from the dynamically added icon */
tree.find('.branch .indicator').each(function(){
$(this).on('click', function () {
$(this).closest('li').click();
});
});
/* fire event to open branch if the li contains an anchor instead of text */
tree.find('.branch>a').each(function () {
$(this).on('click', function (e) {
$(this).closest('li').click();
e.preventDefault();
});
});
/* fire event to open branch if the li contains a button instead of text */
tree.find('.branch>button').each(function () {
$(this).on('click', function (e) {
$(this).closest('li').click();
e.preventDefault();
});
});
}
});
/* 初始化树状图 */
$('#tree1').treed();
好了，至此所有代码已经编写完成，你可以在浏览器中查看效果了。
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